OMG Unified Modeling LanguageTM (OMG UML), Superstructure

Table of Contents
1.Scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1
2.Conformance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1
2.1 Language Units . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2
2.2 Compliance Levels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2
2.3 Meaning and Types of Compliance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6
2.4 Compliance Level Contents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8
3.Normative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10
4.Terms and Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10
5.Notational Conventions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10
5.1 Keywords for Requirement Statements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10
5.2 Annotations on Example Diagrams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10
6.Additional Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11
6.1 Architectural Alignment and MDA Support . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11
6.2 On the Run-Time Semantics of UML . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11
6.2.1 The Basic Premises ............................................................................................................ 11
6.2.2 The Semantics Architecture ................................................................................................ 11
6.2.3 The Basic Causality Model ................................................................................................. 12
6.2.4 Semantics Descriptions in the Specification ....................................................................... 13
6.3 The UML Metamodel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .14
6.3.1 Models and What They Model ............................................................................................ 14
6.3.2 Semantic Levels and Naming ............................................................................................. 14
6.4 How to Proceed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .15
6.4.1 Specification format ............................................................................................................ 15
6.4.2 Diagram format ................................................................................................................... 18
Part I - Structure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
7.Classes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .23
7.1 Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .23
ii UML Superstructure Specification, v2.3
7.2 Abstract Syntax . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .24
7.3 Class Descriptions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .37
7.3.1 Abstraction (from Dependencies) ....................................................................................... 37
7.3.2 AggregationKind (from Kernel) ........................................................................................... 37
7.3.3 Association (from Kernel) ................................................................................................... 38
7.3.4 AssociationClass (from AssociationClasses) ...................................................................... 46
7.3.5 BehavioralFeature (from Kernel) ........................................................................................ 49
7.3.6 BehavioredClassifier (from Interfaces) ............................................................................... 50
7.3.7 Class (from Kernel) ............................................................................................................. 50
7.3.8 Classifier (from Kernel, Dependencies, PowerTypes) ........................................................ 53
7.3.9 Comment (from Kernel) ...................................................................................................... 58
7.3.10 Constraint (from Kernel) ................................................................................................... 59
7.3.11 DataType (from Kernel) .................................................................................................... 61
7.3.12 Dependency (from Dependencies) ................................................................................... 63
7.3.13 DirectedRelationship (from Kernel) ................................................................................... 64
7.3.14 Element (from Kernel) ....................................................................................................... 65
7.3.15 ElementImport (from Kernel) ............................................................................................ 66
7.3.16 Enumeration (from Kernel) ............................................................................................... 68
7.3.17 EnumerationLiteral (from Kernel) ...................................................................................... 69
7.3.18 Expression (from Kernel) .................................................................................................. 70
7.3.19 Feature (from Kernel) ....................................................................................................... 71
7.3.20 Generalization (from Kernel, PowerTypes) ....................................................................... 72
7.3.21 GeneralizationSet (from PowerTypes) .............................................................................. 76
7.3.22 InstanceSpecification (from Kernel) .................................................................................. 84
7.3.23 InstanceValue (from Kernel) ............................................................................................. 87
7.3.24 Interface (from Interfaces) ................................................................................................ 88
7.3.25 InterfaceRealization (from Interfaces) ............................................................................... 91
7.3.26 LiteralBoolean (from Kernel) ............................................................................................. 91
7.3.27 LiteralInteger (from Kernel) ............................................................................................... 92
7.3.28 LiteralNull (from Kernel) .................................................................................................... 93
7.3.29 LiteralSpecification (from Kernel) ...................................................................................... 94
7.3.30 LiteralString (from Kernel) ................................................................................................. 94
7.3.31 LiteralUnlimitedNatural (from Kernel) ............................................................................... 95
7.3.32 MultiplicityElement (from Kernel) ...................................................................................... 96
7.3.33 NamedElement (from Kernel, Dependencies) ................................................................ 100
7.3.34 Namespace (from Kernel) ............................................................................................... 101
7.3.35 OpaqueExpression (from Kernel) ................................................................................... 104
7.3.36 Operation (from Kernel, Interfaces) ................................................................................ 105
7.3.37 Package (from Kernel) .................................................................................................... 109
7.3.38 PackageableElement (from Kernel) ................................................................................ 112
7.3.39 PackageImport (from Kernel) .......................................................................................... 113
7.3.40 PackageMerge (from Kernel) .......................................................................................... 114
7.3.41 Parameter (from Kernel) ................................................................................................. 123
7.3.42 ParameterDirectionKind (from Kernel) ............................................................................ 124
7.3.43 PrimitiveType (from Kernel) ............................................................................................ 125
7.3.44 Property (from Kernel, AssociationClasses, Interfaces) ................................................. 125
7.3.45 Realization (from Dependencies) ................................................................................... 132
7.3.46 RedefinableElement (from Kernel) ................................................................................. 133
7.3.47 Relationship (from Kernel) .............................................................................................. 135
7.3.48 Slot (from Kernel) ............................................................................................................ 135
UML Superstructure Specification, v2.3 iii
7.3.49 StructuralFeature (from Kernel) ...................................................................................... 136
7.3.50 Substitution (from Dependencies) .................................................................................. 137
7.3.51 Type (from Kernel) .......................................................................................................... 138
7.3.52 TypedElement (from Kernel) ........................................................................................... 139
7.3.53 Usage (from Dependencies) ........................................................................................... 140
7.3.54 ValueSpecification (from Kernel) .................................................................................... 140
7.3.55 VisibilityKind (from Kernel) .............................................................................................. 142
7.4 Diagrams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .143
8.Components . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .147
8.1 Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .147
8.2 Abstract Syntax . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .147
8.3 Class Descriptions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .150
8.3.1 Component (from BasicComponents, PackagingComponents) ....................................... 150
8.3.2 ComponentRealization (from BasicComponents) ............................................................. 159
8.3.3 Connector (from BasicComponents) ................................................................................ 160
8.3.4 ConnectorEnd (from BasicComponents) .......................................................................... 163
8.3.5 ConnectorKind (from BasicComponents) ......................................................................... 163
8.4 Diagrams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .164
9.Composite Structures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .167
9.1 Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .167
9.2 Abstract Syntax . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .167
9.3 Class Descriptions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .172
9.3.1 Class (from StructuredClasses) ........................................................................................ 172
9.3.2 Classifier (from InternalStructures, Collaborations) .......................................................... 173
9.3.3 Collaboration (from Collaborations) .................................................................................. 174
9.3.4 CollaborationUse (from Collaborations) ............................................................................ 177
9.3.5 ConnectableElement (from InternalStructures) ................................................................ 180
9.3.6 Connector (from InternalStructures) ................................................................................. 180
9.3.7 ConnectorEnd (from InternalStructures, Ports) ................................................................ 182
9.3.8 EncapsulatedClassifier (from Ports) ................................................................................. 184
9.3.9 InvocationAction (from InvocationActions) ........................................................................ 184
9.3.10 Parameter (from Collaborations) .................................................................................... 185
9.3.11 Port (from Ports) ............................................................................................................. 185
9.3.12 Property (from InternalStructures) .................................................................................. 189
9.3.13 StructuredClassifier (from InternalStructures) ................................................................ 192
9.3.14 Trigger (from InvocationActions) ..................................................................................... 196
9.3.15 Variable (from StructuredActivities) ................................................................................ 197
9.4 Diagrams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .197
10.Deployments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .199
10.1 Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .199
iv UML Superstructure Specification, v2.3
10.2 Abstract Syntax . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .199
10.3 Class Descriptions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .203
10.3.1 Artifact (from Artifacts, Nodes) ........................................................................................ 203
10.3.2 CommunicationPath (from Nodes) ................................................................................. 205
10.3.3 DeployedArtifact (from Nodes) ....................................................................................... 206
10.3.4 Deployment (from ComponentDeployments, Nodes) ..................................................... 207
10.3.5 DeploymentSpecification (from ComponentDeployments) ............................................. 209
10.3.6 DeploymentTarget (from Nodes) .................................................................................... 211
10.3.7 Device (from Nodes) ....................................................................................................... 212
10.3.8 ExecutionEnvironment (from Nodes) .............................................................................. 213
10.3.9 InstanceSpecification (from Nodes) ................................................................................ 214
10.3.10 Manifestation (from Artifacts) ........................................................................................ 215
10.3.11 Node (from Nodes) ....................................................................................................... 216
10.3.12 Property (from Nodes) .................................................................................................. 218
10.4 Diagrams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .219
Part II - Behavior . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 223
11.Actions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .225
11.1 Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .225
11.2 Abstract Syntax . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .227
11.3 Class Descriptions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .240
11.3.1 AcceptCallAction (from CompleteActions) ...................................................................... 240
11.3.2 AcceptEventAction (from CompleteActions) ................................................................... 241
11.3.3 Action (from BasicActions) .............................................................................................. 243
11.3.4 ActionInputPin (from StructuredActions) ......................................................................... 244
11.3.5 AddStructuralFeatureValueAction (from IntermediateActions) ....................................... 245
11.3.6 AddVariableValueAction (from StructuredActions) ......................................................... 247
11.3.7 BroadcastSignalAction (from IntermediateActions) ........................................................ 248
11.3.8 CallAction (from BasicActions) ....................................................................................... 250
11.3.9 CallBehaviorAction (from BasicActions) ......................................................................... 250
11.3.10 CallOperationAction (from BasicActions) ...................................................................... 252
11.3.11 ClearAssociationAction (from IntermediateActions) ..................................................... 253
11.3.12 ClearStructuralFeatureAction (from IntermediateActions) ............................................ 254
11.3.13 ClearVariableAction (from StructuredActions) .............................................................. 255
11.3.14 CreateLinkAction (from IntermediateActions) ............................................................... 256
11.3.15 CreateLinkObjectAction (from CompleteActions) ......................................................... 258
11.3.16 CreateObjectAction (from IntermediateActions) ........................................................... 259
11.3.17 DestroyLinkAction (from IntermediateActions) ............................................................. 260
11.3.18 DestroyObjectAction (from IntermediateActions) .......................................................... 261
11.3.19 InputPin (from BasicActions) ........................................................................................ 262
11.3.20 InvocationAction (from BasicActions) ........................................................................... 263
11.3.21 LinkAction (from IntermediateActions) .......................................................................... 263
11.3.22 LinkEndCreationData (from IntermediateActions) ........................................................ 265
11.3.23 LinkEndData (from IntermediateActions, CompleteActions) ......................................... 266
UML Superstructure Specification, v2.3 v
11.3.24 LinkEndDestructionData (from IntermediateActions) .................................................... 268
11.3.25 MultiplicityElement (from BasicActions) ........................................................................ 269
11.3.26 OpaqueAction (from BasicActions) ............................................................................... 269
11.3.27 OutputPin (from BasicActions) ...................................................................................... 270
11.3.28 Pin (from BasicActions) ................................................................................................ 271
11.3.29 QualifierValue (from CompleteActions) ........................................................................ 272
11.3.30 RaiseExceptionAction (from StructuredActions) ........................................................... 273
11.3.31 ReadExtentAction (from CompleteActions) .................................................................. 273
11.3.32 ReadIsClassifiedObjectAction (from CompleteActions) ................................................ 274
11.3.33 ReadLinkAction (from IntermediateActions) ................................................................. 275
11.3.34 ReadLinkObjectEndAction (from CompleteActions) ..................................................... 277
11.3.35 ReadLinkObjectEndQualifierAction (from CompleteActions) ........................................ 278
11.3.36 ReadSelfAction (from IntermediateActions) .................................................................. 280
11.3.37 ReadStructuralFeatureAction (from IntermediateActions) ............................................ 281
11.3.38 ReadVariableAction (from StructuredActions) .............................................................. 282
11.3.39 ReclassifyObjectAction (from CompleteActions) .......................................................... 283
11.3.40 ReduceAction (from CompleteActions) ......................................................................... 284
11.3.41 RemoveStructuralFeatureValueAction (from IntermediateActions) .............................. 285
11.3.42 RemoveVariableValueAction (from StructuredActions) ................................................ 287
11.3.43 ReplyAction (from CompleteActions) ............................................................................ 288
11.3.44 SendObjectAction (from IntermediateActions) .............................................................. 289
11.3.45 SendSignalAction (from BasicActions) ......................................................................... 290
11.3.46 StartClassifierBehaviorAction (from CompleteActions) ................................................ 291
11.3.47 StartObjectBehaviorAction (from CompleteActions) ..................................................... 292
11.3.48 StructuralFeatureAction (from IntermediateActions) ..................................................... 293
11.3.49 TestIdentityAction (from IntermediateActions) .............................................................. 295
11.3.50 UnmarshallAction (from CompleteActions) ................................................................... 296
11.3.51 ValuePin (from BasicActions) ....................................................................................... 297
11.3.52 ValueSpecificationAction (from IntermediateActions) ................................................... 298
11.3.53 VariableAction (from StructuredActions) ....................................................................... 299
11.3.54 WriteLinkAction (from IntermediateActions) ................................................................. 299
11.3.55 WriteStructuralFeatureAction (from IntermediateActions) ............................................ 300
11.3.56 WriteVariableAction (from StructuredActions) .............................................................. 301
11.4 Diagrams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .302
12.Activities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .303
12.1 Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .303
12.2 Abstract Syntax . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .305
12.3 Class Descriptions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .317
12.3.1 AcceptEventAction (as specialized) ................................................................................ 317
12.3.2 Action (from CompleteActivities, FundamentalActivities, StructuredActivities) ............... 319
12.3.3 ActionInputPin (as specialized) ....................................................................................... 323
12.3.4 Activity (from BasicActivities, CompleteActivities, FundamentalActivities,
StructuredActivities) ..................................................................................................... 324
12.3.5 ActivityEdge (from BasicActivities, CompleteActivities, CompleteStructuredActivities,
IntermediateActivities) ................................................................................................. 334
12.3.6 ActivityFinalNode (from BasicActivities, IntermediateActivities) ..................................... 339
12.3.7 ActivityGroup (from BasicActivities, FundamentalActivities) ........................................... 342
vi UML Superstructure Specification, v2.3
12.3.8 ActivityNode (from BasicActivities, CompleteActivities, FundamentalActivities,
IntermediateActivities, CompleteStructuredActivities) ................................................. 343
12.3.9 ActivityParameterNode (from BasicActivities) ................................................................ 345
12.3.10 ActivityPartition (from IntermediateActivities) ............................................................... 349
12.3.11 AddVariableValueAction (as specialized) ..................................................................... 355
12.3.12 Behavior (from CompleteActivities) .............................................................................. 356
12.3.13 BehavioralFeature (from CompleteActivities) ............................................................... 356
12.3.14 CallBehaviorAction (as specialized) ............................................................................. 357
12.3.15 CallOperationAction (as specialized) ............................................................................ 359
12.3.16 CentralBufferNode (from IntermediateActivities) .......................................................... 360
12.3.17 Clause (from CompleteStructuredActivities, StructuredActivities) ................................ 362
12.3.18 ConditionalNode (from CompleteStructuredActivities, StructuredActivities) ................. 363
12.3.19 ControlFlow (from BasicActivities) ................................................................................ 365
12.3.20 ControlNode (from BasicActivities) ............................................................................... 366
12.3.21 DataStoreNode (from CompleteActivities) .................................................................... 368
12.3.22 DecisionNode (from IntermediateActivities) .................................................................. 370
12.3.23 ExceptionHandler (from ExtraStructuredActivities) ....................................................... 373
12.3.24 ExecutableNode (from ExtraStructuredActivities, StructuredActivities) ........................ 376
12.3.25 ExpansionKind (from ExtraStructuredActivities) ........................................................... 377
12.3.26 ExpansionNode (from ExtraStructuredActivities) .......................................................... 377
12.3.27 ExpansionRegion (from ExtraStructuredActivities) ....................................................... 378
12.3.28 FinalNode (from IntermediateActivities) ........................................................................ 384
12.3.29 FlowFinalNode (from IntermediateActivities) ................................................................ 386
12.3.30 ForkNode (from IntermediateActivities) ........................................................................ 387
12.3.31 InitialNode (from BasicActivities) .................................................................................. 389
12.3.32 InputPin (from CompleteStructuredActivities) ............................................................... 390
12.3.33 InterruptibleActivityRegion (from CompleteActivities) ................................................... 391
12.3.34 JoinNode (from CompleteActivities, IntermediateActivities) ......................................... 393
12.3.35 LoopNode (from CompleteStructuredActivities, StructuredActivities) ........................... 396
12.3.36 MergeNode (from IntermediateActivities) ..................................................................... 398
12.3.37 ObjectFlow (from BasicActivities, CompleteActivities) .................................................. 400
12.3.38 ObjectNode (from BasicActivities, CompleteActivities) ................................................. 405
12.3.39 ObjectNodeOrderingKind (from CompleteActivities) .................................................... 408
12.3.40 OutputPin (from CompleteStructuredActivities, StructuredActivities) ........................... 409
12.3.41 Parameter (from CompleteActivities) ............................................................................ 409
12.3.42 ParameterEffectKind (from CompleteActivities) ........................................................... 411
12.3.43 ParameterSet (from CompleteActivities) ...................................................................... 411
12.3.44 Pin (from BasicActivities, CompleteActivities) .............................................................. 413
12.3.45 SendObjectAction (as specialized) ............................................................................... 420
12.3.46 SendSignalAction (as specialized) ............................................................................... 421
12.3.47 SequenceNode (from StructuredActivities) ................................................................... 422
12.3.48 StructuredActivityNode (from CompleteStructuredActivities, StructuredActivities) ....... 423
12.3.49 UnmarshallAction (as specialized) ................................................................................ 425
12.3.50 ValuePin (as specialized) ............................................................................................. 426
12.3.51 ValueSpecificationAction (as specialized) .................................................................... 427
12.3.52 Variable (from StructuredActivities) .............................................................................. 428
12.4 Diagrams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .430
13.Common Behaviors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .435
UML Superstructure Specification, v2.3 vii
13.1 Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .435
13.2 Abstract Syntax . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .439
13.3 Class Descriptions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .444
13.3.1 AnyReceiveEvent (from Communications) ..................................................................... 444
13.3.2 Behavior (from BasicBehaviors) ..................................................................................... 445
13.3.3 BehavioralFeature (from BasicBehaviors, Communications) ......................................... 447
13.3.4 BehavioredClassifier (from BasicBehaviors, Communications) ...................................... 448
13.3.5 CallConcurrencyKind (from Communications) ................................................................ 450
13.3.6 CallEvent (from Communications) .................................................................................. 451
13.3.7 ChangeEvent (from Communications) ............................................................................ 451
13.3.8 Class (from Communications) ........................................................................................ 452
13.3.9 Duration (from SimpleTime) ............................................................................................ 453
13.3.10 DurationConstraint (from SimpleTime) ......................................................................... 454
13.3.11 DurationInterval (from SimpleTime) .............................................................................. 455
13.3.12 DurationObservation (from SimpleTime) ...................................................................... 456
13.3.13 Event (from Communications) ...................................................................................... 457
13.3.14 FunctionBehavior (from BasicBehaviors) ..................................................................... 457
13.3.15 Interface (from Communications) ................................................................................. 458
13.3.16 Interval (from SimpleTime) ........................................................................................... 459
13.3.17 IntervalConstraint (from SimpleTime) ........................................................................... 459
13.3.18 MessageEvent (from Communications) ........................................................................ 460
13.3.19 Observation (from SimpleTime) .................................................................................... 461
13.3.20 OpaqueBehavior (from BasicBehaviors) ...................................................................... 461
13.3.21 OpaqueExpression (from BasicBehaviors) ................................................................... 462
13.3.22 Operation (from Communications) ................................................................................ 463
13.3.23 Reception (from Communications) ............................................................................... 464
13.3.24 Signal (from Communications) ..................................................................................... 465
13.3.25 SignalEvent (from Communications) ............................................................................ 465
13.3.26 TimeConstraint (from SimpleTime) ............................................................................... 467
13.3.27 TimeEvent (from SimpleTime) ...................................................................................... 468
13.3.28 TimeExpression (from SimpleTime) ............................................................................. 469
13.3.29 TimeInterval (from SimpleTime) ................................................................................... 469
13.3.30 TimeObservation (from SimpleTime) ............................................................................ 470
13.3.31 Trigger (from Communications) .................................................................................... 471
14.Interactions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .473
14.1 Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .473
14.2 Abstract Syntax . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .474
14.3 Class Descriptions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .482
14.3.1 ActionExecutionSpecification (from BasicInteractions) ................................................... 482
14.3.2 BehaviorExecutionSpecification (from BasicInteractions) .............................................. 482
14.3.3 CombinedFragment (from Fragments) ........................................................................... 483
14.3.4 ConsiderIgnoreFragment (from Fragments) ................................................................... 489
14.3.5 Continuation (from Fragments) ....................................................................................... 490
14.3.6 CreationEvent (from BasicInteractions) .......................................................................... 493
14.3.7 DestructionEvent (from BasicInteractions) ..................................................................... 493
14.3.8 ExecutionEvent (from BasicInteractions) ........................................................................ 494
viii UML Superstructure Specification, v2.3
14.3.9 ExecutionOccurrenceSpecification (from BasicInteractions) .......................................... 495
14.3.10 ExecutionSpecification (from BasicInteractions) ........................................................... 495
14.3.11 Gate (from Fragments) ................................................................................................. 497
14.3.12 GeneralOrdering (from BasicInteractions) .................................................................... 497
14.3.13 Interaction (from BasicInteraction, Fragments) ............................................................. 498
14.3.14 InteractionConstraint (from Fragments) ........................................................................ 501
14.3.15 InteractionFragment (from BasicInteractions, Fragments) ........................................... 502
14.3.16 InteractionOperand (from Fragments) .......................................................................... 502
14.3.17 InteractionOperatorKind (from Fragments) ................................................................... 503
14.3.18 InteractionUse (from Fragments) .................................................................................. 504
14.3.19 Lifeline (from BasicInteractions, Fragments) ................................................................ 507
14.3.20 Message (from BasicInteractions) ................................................................................ 508
14.3.21 MessageEnd (from BasicInteractions) .......................................................................... 511
14.3.22 MessageKind (from BasicInteractions) ......................................................................... 512
14.3.23 MessageOccurrenceSpecification (from BasicInteractions) ......................................... 512
14.3.24 MessageSort (from BasicInteractions) .......................................................................... 513
14.3.25 OccurrenceSpecification (from BasicInteractions) ........................................................ 513
14.3.26 PartDecomposition (from Fragments) ........................................................................... 514
14.3.27 ReceiveOperationEvent (from BasicInteractions) ......................................................... 517
14.3.28 ReceiveSignalEvent (from BasicInteractions) ............................................................... 518
14.3.29 SendOperationEvent (from BasicInteractions) ............................................................. 519
14.3.30 SendSignalEvent (from BasicInteractions) ................................................................... 519
14.3.31 StateInvariant (from BasicInteractions) ......................................................................... 520
14.4 Diagrams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .521
15.State Machines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .541
15.1 Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .541
15.2 Abstract Syntax . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .541
15.3 Class Descriptions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .544
15.3.1 ConnectionPointReference (from BehaviorStateMachines) ........................................... 544
15.3.2 FinalState (from BehaviorStateMachines) ...................................................................... 547
15.3.3 Interface (from ProtocolStateMachines) ......................................................................... 548
15.3.4 Port (from ProtocolStateMachines) ................................................................................. 549
15.3.5 ProtocolConformance (from ProtocolStateMachines) .................................................... 549
15.3.6 ProtocolStateMachine (from ProtocolStateMachines) .................................................... 550
15.3.7 ProtocolTransition (from ProtocolStateMachines) .......................................................... 552
15.3.8 Pseudostate (from BehaviorStateMachines) .................................................................. 555
15.3.9 PseudostateKind (from BehaviorStateMachines) ........................................................... 562
15.3.10 Region (from BehaviorStateMachines) ......................................................................... 563
15.3.11 State (from BehaviorStateMachines, ProtocolStateMachines) ..................................... 565
15.3.12 StateMachine (from BehaviorStateMachines) .............................................................. 579
15.3.13 TimeEvent (from BehaviorStateMachines) ................................................................... 586
15.3.14 Transition (from BehaviorStateMachines) .................................................................... 587
15.3.15 TransitionKind (from BehaviorStateMachines) ............................................................. 595
15.3.16 Vertex (from BehaviorStateMachines) .......................................................................... 598
15.4 Diagrams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .598
UML Superstructure Specification, v2.3 ix
16.Use Cases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .603
16.1 Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .603
16.2 Abstract Syntax . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .603
16.3 Class Descriptions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .604
16.3.1 Actor (from UseCases) ................................................................................................... 604
16.3.2 Classifier (from UseCases) ............................................................................................. 606
16.3.3 Extend (from UseCases) ................................................................................................ 607
16.3.4 ExtensionPoint (from UseCases) .................................................................................... 609
16.3.5 Include (from UseCases) ................................................................................................ 610
16.3.6 UseCase (from UseCases) ............................................................................................. 612
16.4 Diagrams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .617
Part III - Supplement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 623
17.Auxiliary Constructs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .625
17.1 Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .625
17.2 InformationFlows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .625
17.2.1 InformationFlow (from InformationFlows) ....................................................................... 626
17.2.2 InformationItem (from InformationFlows) ........................................................................ 628
17.3 Models . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .631
17.3.1 Model (from Models) ....................................................................................................... 631
17.4 PrimitiveTypes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .633
17.4.1 Boolean (from PrimitiveTypes) ....................................................................................... 633
17.4.2 Integer (from PrimitiveTypes) ......................................................................................... 634
17.4.3 String (from PrimitiveTypes) ........................................................................................... 635
17.4.4 UnlimitedNatural (from PrimitiveTypes) .......................................................................... 636
17.5 Templates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .637
17.5.1 ParameterableElement (from Templates) ....................................................................... 639
17.5.2 TemplateableElement (from Templates) ........................................................................ 641
17.5.3 TemplateBinding (from Templates) ................................................................................ 643
17.5.4 TemplateParameter (from Templates) ............................................................................ 644
17.5.5 TemplateParameterSubstitution (from Templates) ......................................................... 646
17.5.6 TemplateSignature (from Templates) ............................................................................. 646
17.5.7 Classifier (from Templates) ............................................................................................. 648
17.5.8 ClassifierTemplateParameter (from Templates) ............................................................. 653
17.5.9 RedefinableTemplateSignature (from Templates) .......................................................... 654
17.5.10 Package (from Templates) ........................................................................................... 655
17.5.11 PackageableElement (from Templates) ....................................................................... 657
17.5.12 NamedElement (from Templates) ................................................................................. 658
17.5.13 StringExpression (from Templates) .............................................................................. 660
17.5.14 Operation (from Templates) .......................................................................................... 661
17.5.15 Operation (from Templates) .......................................................................................... 662
x UML Superstructure Specification, v2.3
17.5.16 OperationTemplateParameter (from Templates) .......................................................... 663
17.5.17 ConnectableElement (from Templates) ........................................................................ 664
17.5.18 ConnectableElementTemplateParameter (from Templates) ........................................ 665
17.5.19 Property (from Templates) ............................................................................................ 666
17.5.20 ValueSpecification (from Templates) ............................................................................ 667
18.Profiles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .669
18.1 Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .669
18.1.1 Positioning profiles versus metamodels, MOF and UML ................................................ 669
18.1.2 Profiles History and design requirements ....................................................................... 669
18.2 Abstract Syntax . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .671
18.3 Class Descriptions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .672
18.3.1 Class (from Profiles) ....................................................................................................... 672
18.3.2 Extension (from Profiles) ................................................................................................ 673
18.3.3 ExtensionEnd (from Profiles) .......................................................................................... 676
18.3.4 Image (from Profiles) ...................................................................................................... 677
18.3.5 Package (from Profiles) .................................................................................................. 678
18.3.6 Profile (from Profiles) ...................................................................................................... 679
18.3.7 ProfileApplication (from Profiles) .................................................................................... 687
18.3.8 Stereotype (from Profiles) ............................................................................................... 689
18.4 Diagrams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .695
Part IV - Annexes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 699
Annex A: Diagrams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .701
Annex B: Keywords. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .707
Annex C: Standard Stereotypes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .713
Annex D: Component Profile Examples . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .721
Annex E: Tabular Notations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .725
Annex F: Classifiers Taxonomy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .729
Annex G: XMI Serialization and Schema. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .731
Annex H: UML Compliance Level XMI Documents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .733
INDEX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .735