Essential SNMP, 2nd Edition

1. Introduction to SNMP and Network Management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
What Is SNMP? 1
The Concept of Network Management 7
Applying the Concepts of Network Management 9
Change Management 11
Getting More Information 17
2. SNMPv1 and SNMPv2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
SNMP and UDP 19
SNMP Communities 21
The Structure of Management Information 23
Extensions to the SMI in Version 2 32
A Closer Look at MIB-II 35
SNMP Operations 37
Host Management Revisited 69
Remote Monitoring Revisited 70
Reverse Engineering SNMP 71
3. SNMPv3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73
Changes in SNMPv3 73
USM 77
VACM 81
SNMPv3 in the Real World 83

4. NMS Architectures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
Hardware Considerations 85
NMS Architectures 87
A Look Ahead 91
5. Configuring Your NMS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93
HP’s OpenView Network Node Manager 93
Castle Rock’s SNMPc Enterprise Edition 105
6. Configuring SNMP Agents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114
Parameter Settings 114
Security Concerns 116
Agent Configuration Walkthroughs 117
7. Polling and Setting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141
Retrieving a Single MIB Value 141
Retrieving Multiple MIB Values 147
Setting a MIB Value 150
Error Responses 153
8. Polling and Thresholds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 154
Internal Polling 156
External Polling 162
9. Traps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 182
Understanding Traps 182
Receiving Traps 183
Sending Traps 197
10. Extensible SNMP Agents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 214
Net-SNMP 215
SystemEDGE 220
OpenView’s Extensible Agent 224
11. Adapting SNMP to Fit Your Environment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 235
General Trap-Generation Program 235
Who’s Logging into My Machine? (I-Am-In) 236
Throw Core 238
Veritas Disk Check 242